1. Market Overview (Market Outcomes)
      Load Weighted Average Price
- System-wide: 4.73 Php/kWh
- Luzon: 4.21 Php/kWh
- Visayas: 4.42 Php/kWh
- Mindanao: 7.73 Php/kWh
➤ Analysis
- Mindanao records the highest price, nearly double that of Luzon, possibly due to:
   + Transmission constraints
   + Higher-cost generation (thermal/diesel)
   + Localized supply–demand tightness
- Luzon has the lowest price, reflecting a larger generation portfolio and stronger market competition.

      Supply and Demand
-    Average Supply: 20,545 MW
-    Average Demand: 14,112 MW

➤ Observations
-    The system reserve margin is relatively large (~6,400 MW).
-    There are no signs of system-wide power shortage.
-    However, high prices in Mindanao indicate localized imbalance rather than a nationwide shortage.

2. Generation Mix
      Total daily generation:
-    Non-renewables: 254.9 GWh (74.6%)
-    Renewables: 86.3 GWh (25.3%)
-    Energy Storage: 0.4 GWh (0.1%)
➤ Analysis
-    The Philippine power system still relies heavily on thermal generation  (~75%)
-    The renewable share (~25%) is moderate.
-    Energy storage systems (ESS) currently play a negligible role.
      Theo vùng:

➤ Notable points:
-    Visayas has nearly 50% renewable penetration, indicating strong energy transition progress.
-    Mindanao has a relatively high renewable share (~39%) but also high prices, possibly due to transmission constraints or renewable intermittency.
-    Luzon remains more dependent on thermal generation.

3. Peak Demand    

      Daily Peak

→ Peak demand occurred between approximately 13:00 and 18:25

      Year-to-Date Peak

➤ Analysis 
-    Current demand has not yet reached the annual peak.
-    The system retains operational headroom.

4. HVDC Power Flows (Interconnection)
-     Luzon ↔ Visayas
       + Luzon → Visayas: 64.41 MW (57.5% of the time)
       + Visayas → Luzon: 57.96 MW (42.1% of the time)
-     Visayas ↔ Mindanao
       + Visayas → Mindanao: 24.76 MW
       + Mindanao → Visayas: 230.14 MW (91.9% of the time)

➤ Key insights
-    Mindanao exports electricity to Visayas most of the time.
-    However, Mindanao still experiences higher prices, possibly because:

      + Exports reduce available local supply
      + Zonal pricing separates regional markets
      + Internal transmission constraints exist
-    The Philippine system operates as a multi-island grid, heavily dependent on HVDC interconnections.

5. Supply – Demand – Price Chart
      Observations:
-    Capacity available cao hơn energy requirement
-    A noticeable price spike appears around 18:00.
-    In the early evening, demand increases while renewable output declines (solar sunset effect).
➤  This resembles the “duck curve” phenomenon:
-    Lower prices during the day
-    Higher prices in the evening

6. In-depth Assessment (Electricity Market Perspective)
      Market Structure
-    Philippines operates under:
      + Wholesale Electricity Spot Market (WESM)
      + Zonal pricing
      + Market-based dispatch
       Key issues:
1.    Price differentials across islands
2.    Transmission constraints influencing prices
3.    Increasing renewable penetration but insufficient ESS deployment
4.    The critical role of interregional coordination mechanisms

7. Overall Conclusion
-    There is no nationwide electricity shortage.
-    Localized imbalances exist.
-    The system remains heavily dependent on thermal generation.
-    Renewables are increasing but lack sufficient flexibility support.
-    Prices are volatile in the early evening.
-    Inter-island transmission plays a decisive role in market outcomes.

Source: IEMOP